During a major vote on Wednesday, European Parliament members voted by a margin of 355-247 to restrict product terms such as "steak" and "sausage" solely for meat products.
If the measure is implemented, common vegetarian items such as plant-based burgers, soy steak, and vegetable schnitzel may need to change their names throughout European Union markets.
However, for the restriction to be enforced, it must receive approval from most of the EU's 27 member states, something that is far from certain.
Proponents contend that consumers require transparent information and that meat terms must exclusively describe products from animals.
"An escalope or a sausage represent goods from animal farming: not from synthetic production nor plant products," said France's MEP the proposal's author.
Critics, including environmental lawmakers, called the move political tactics.
"Plant-based burgers, wheat schnitzel and soy sausage do not confuse consumers, just certain lawmakers," declared Austrian Green MEP Thomas Waitz.
This marks another attempt to control such names. EU lawmakers rejected a similar ban in 2020.
The French government previously introduced a national ban on traditional names for vegetarian products in recent years, but EU courts determined it illegal under European legislation in 2024.
Leading German supermarkets such as Aldi and Lidl oppose the proposal, cautioning that altering familiar names would confuse consumers.
Advocacy organizations cite surveys showing that most consumers understand these names as long as items are properly marked as vegan.
"Almost seventy percent of consumers recognize the terminology as long as products are clearly labelled vegan or vegetarian," noted Irina Popescu, a consumer officer at BEUC.
This legislative measure next faces review by European governments, and it must secure broad approval to become law.
Considering the mixed views within both lawmakers and the general population, the future of this initiative remains unclear.
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